However, only about 20% of these reports are estimated to be true allergic hypersensitivity reactions, like cutaneous or respiratory reactions, urticaria, or anaphylaxis, Li said. A total of 461 (92.5) patients successfully tolerated readministration of opioids despite a chart-documented allergy, and 8 (1.6) patients developed possible. "It can almost always be used safely, even for patients with confirmed allergic hypersensitivity to nonselective NSAIDs."Īdverse drug reactions induced by NSAIDs - such as gastrointestinal upset, bleeding, or headaches - are often mistaken as a drug allergy. "While celecoxib is considered an NSAID, due to its selectivity as a COX-2 inhibitor there is little cross-reactivity with other nonselective NSAIDs," Li said during her presentation. Overall, the most common NSAIDs implicated in reactions were aspirin (25.6%), ibuprofen (12.6%), and naproxen (11.5%), whereas celecoxib accounted for just 5.7% of reactions, she noted. “If we get the same sort of quick immune response that we get in mice, our vaccines will probably elicit really high-titer antibodies in humans as well,” she said.įrietze is a co-investigator on the grant, along with Bryce Chackerian, PhD, professor and vice chair in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Matthew Campen, PhD, a professor in the UNM College of Pharmacy with expertise in respiratory illness.Between 2013-2018, patients with allergies were also significantly more likely to be prescribed opioids (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05-1.46, P=0.01), but less likely to be prescribed celecoxib (Celebrex, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.6-0.9), she said at American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology virtual meeting. The vaccine model has worked in rodents and will soon be tested on non-human primates, she said. “It may be really nice if we get cross-reactivity with those.” “We may get antibodies that bind to multiple drugs,” Frietze said. The research team also plans to study whether antibodies that attach to heroin and fentanyl molecules might also recognize other opioid drugs that share a similar chemical structure. “You could foresee where if somebody overdoses on fentanyl there’s a narrow window of time to get them to medical assistance.”Ī vaccine that protects against opioid overdose might also benefit those who may be unwittingly exposed to fentanyl, which is often added to cocaine, MDMA (also known as Ecstasy or Molly) and even marijuana, Frietze said. “We’re going to look at those different routes of exposure to fully characterize the capability of our vaccine to protect against sublethal exposures, but also looking at lethal overdose amounts to see if we can protect against fatality or prolong the time to death,” Frietze said. “It’s kind of a high bar.” The question is complicated, because people may ingest, smoke or inject these substances, creating different levels of exposure in the body, she notes. “We don’t know for sure if we are going to protect against overdose,” Frietze said. Cocaines primary metabolite, BEG, has low cross-reactivity. That in turn would blunt their intoxicating effects and perhaps help people seeking treatment to quit using and stay clean.Īn equally tantalizing possibility is that the vaccines could actually prevent opioid-related drug overdoses, which have reached epidemic levels, she said. Assess risk of aberrant behaviors before initiating opioid medications the ORT or other. show considerable cross reactivity with the r-receptor, the protection of 3H. The process leaves intact the VLP’s outer protein coat, so the immune system still recognizes it as an invader and creates antibodies in response, making for a flexible vaccine platform.įrietze plans to attach heroin or fentanyl molecules to the surface of the VLPs in hopes of stimulating antibodies that bind to those molecules in the bloodstream, blocking them from reaching the brain and triggering the expected high. The concept that endogenous opioid peptides interact with at least two. ![]() ![]() Virus-like particles (VLPs) are essentially viruses that have had most of their genetic material removed, rendering them harmless. Then we’ll test those vaccine candidates to see which one works the best.” ![]() “We’re going to make variations on heroin and fentanyl that will allow for us to put those drugs on virus-like particles. “The goal is to create a combination heroin-fentanyl vaccine,” she said. ![]() The two-year $1 million grant was awarded under the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Initiative, said researcher Kathryn Frietze, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology. UNM scientists have received federal funding to create a combined vaccine against heroin and fentanyl, which may lead to a powerful new tool to fight addiction and potentially lessen the threat of a lethal overdose. Overcoming Opioids UNM Researchers Work to Create Combined Vaccine Against Heroin and Fentanyl
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